Look up classical in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

The word classical has several meanings. In general, these meanings refer to some past time, works of that era or later works influenced by that time. Classical things are often seen as ordered and part of high culture or a golden age, and contrasted to earlier or later things which may be seen as chaotic, elaborate or emotional.

Etymology[link]

The word classical comes from the Latin word classicus, which is similar in meaning to the English phrase first class. The word seldom has this precise meaning in modern English, as illustrated by the examples below.

Classical antiquity[link]

Classical antiquity is a long period of history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. This period is conventionally taken to stretch from roughly the 7th or 8th century BC to the 5th century AD. It is often seen as a golden age of Western civilisation, preceding the Dark Ages of the early medieval period.

The word classical can refer to something from classical antiquity. For example:

• A Classical scholar is someone who studies the Classics - the language and culture of classical antiquity, particularly its literature.
• Classical philosophy
• Classical mythology
• Classical Latin is the form of the Latin language used by the ancient Romans in what is usually regarded as classical Latin literature. It is distinct from both vulgar Latin and medieval Latin. This distinction from vulgar Latin is in keeping with the meaning of the Latin word classicus given above.
• Classical architecture
  • Classical order - one of the ancient styles of building design in the classical tradition. Originally Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, these were added to and modified by the Romans.
• High classical refers to Greek art associated mainly with Athens and the works atop the Acropolis
• A classical education normally means an education in the classics, including learning Latin and ancient Greek. However, it can refer to the Classical education movement.

Classicism[link]

In the arts, Classicism refers to a high regard for classical antiquity. Classicism is a force which has been repeatedly present in post-medieval Western culture. It was particularly strong during the Renaissance and from the mid 18th into the 19th century. Classicist art movements in this later period are often called neoclassical. In the context of classicism, the word classical can also refer to:

• Classical themes, themes an artist has taken from the Classics
• Classical unities, rules for drama derived from a passage in Aristotle's Poetics
• Neoclassical architecture, also known as classical revival architecture
• Neoclassical sculpture.

Classical music[link]

The term classical music is used colloquially to describe a variety of Western musical styles from the 9th century to the present. However, the classical period in music is a specific time from 1750 to 1825, which roughly corresponds to a period of increased interest in classicism throughout European arts.

Other classical cultures[link]

The word classical can also be used to refer to other cultures, by analogy with classical antiquity and classical music. Examples of this usage include:

• Classical language, a dead or archaic language comparable to classical Latin. This normally means it has a literature that is considered classical, it is associated with a golden age, it was spoken by high-status people or it is considered to be ordered. Examples illustrating this are given below:
  • Classical Arabic is the Arabic language in which the Qur'an is written
  • Classical Nahuatl is the language spoken by Aztec nobles in the Valley of Mexico at the time of the 16th-century Spanish conquest
  • Classical French is the French language as systematised in the 17th and 18th centuries
• Four Great Classical Novels, considered to be the greatest and most influential in Chinese fiction
• The list of classical music styles gives many styles of music considered classical.

Classical ways of thinking and doing[link]

Similarly, many ways of thinking or doing are thought of as classical. In general, these are ways which have been superseded but which are still appreciated by some, often for their relative simplicity. For example:

• Classical physics, the study of physics based on principles developed before the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics
  • Classical mechanics is Newtonian physics. It is describes the motion of macroscopic objects.
  • Classical electrodynamics, as formalized by Maxwell in the 19th century.
• Classical thermodynamics, a branch of physics developed in the early 19th century. It was superseded by statistical thermodynamics in the late 19th century and hence became classical before the rest of physics.
• Semiclassical physics, an approximation that combines aspects of classical physics with quantum mechanics.
• Classical logic, a class of formal logics that have been most intensively studied and most widely used.
• Classical mathematics, mathematics constructed and proved on the basis of classical logic and set theory. It is the mainstream way of looking at mathematics for academic pure mathematicians.
• Classical control theory applies control theory to analogue systems. Based on methods such as Laplace transforms and calculus. It is contrasted to modern control theory, which deals with digital control systems with methods such as the z transform.
• Classical economics is the school of economics developed by Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus in the late 18th and early 19th century.
• Neoclassical economics refers to the further development of classical economics from around 1870.
  • Classical general equilibrium model, a model developed as part of neoclassical economics.
  • Neoclassical synthesis, a movement in economics after the second world war. It sought to combine neoclassical economics with Keynsianism. It dominates mainstream economics to this day.
• Classical liberalism is the strain of thought coming from the fusion of economic liberalism with political liberalism of the late 18th and 19th centuries
• Classical conditioning is also known as Pavlovian conditioning.
• A classical guitar is a common type of acoustic guitar. It is not directly related to classical music.
• Classical dance, in a Western context, normally means ballet
  • Classical ballet is the most formal of the ballet styles.
• Classical Indian dance is a relatively new umbrella term for various codified art forms whose theory can be traced back to 400 BC.

Golden age[link]

There is a considerable overlap between the terms Classical and golden age. The period which produced works considered Classical is often also reckoned to have been a golden age of that country, culture or field. However, Classical Hollywood cinema and Golden Age of Hollywood are NOT interchangeable terms- the former refers to a set of stylistic and industrial norms that were established and perpetuated between 1917 and 1960, while the latter refers to a specific time period during which the Classical cinema reached its zenith (generally between 1930 and 1948).

See also[link]

• Classics (disambiguation)
• Classic

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Rose Jang is an acclaimed Korean-American pop opera artist who is well known for singing operatic arias, musical and classic pop songs. She is the first Korean to release an album comprising operatic arias as well as hit musical songs. Her album is distributed by Mnet. Jang is PR ambassador for many organizations including the Korean Tourism Office and UNESCO of Korea. She recently became PR ambassador for the National Committee for Jeju-do Island New7Wonders of Nature. She performed with the Rose Pops Orchestra at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Alice Tully Hall on November 9, 2011 to promote Jeju Island as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature.^[1][2][3][4] with South Korean President Lee Myung-bak's blessing for a great show.^[2] She currently records in New York City, Seoul, and London.

Jang has been hailed as a heroine for Korean-Americans. Jang has been credited for one the reasons why Jeju Island was voted to be a New 7 Wonder of Nature. She promoted Jeju Island heavily as she campaigned the New 7 Wonders of Nature with her Lincoln Center concert. The concert was promoted heavily on Yahoo, CBSMarketwatch and in the New York Daily News.

Early life[link]

Jang was born in Princeton. She is the daughter of Daniel Jang who has a doctorate from Princeton University and is also a graduate of Kyunggi High School and Seoul National University. She performed the violin as part of the New Jersey Youth Symphony. She performed with the New Jersey Youth Symphony at Carnegie Hall at the age of 17. She is a graduate of Smith College. She has also has studied at Columbia University in New York City and Goldsmiths College in London. She is fluent in English, Korean, and French.

Awards and Achieivements[link]

Jang has won a number of awards for her accomplishments in music including the award for “Outstanding Vocalist” in the “Classical” category at the South Korean Entertainment Awards. Awards were given to sixty of Korea’s leading music, film, and performing arts icons. Jang was also awarded “Most Successful Artist” of 2009 at the Seoul Success Awards. She received the "special" award at Asia's largest music festival "The Asia Song Festival". Jang has performed at major events including the inaugural ceremony of South Korean President Lee Myung Bak and an event celebrating U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon. She also has performed at Pridefest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin ^[5] where she performed alongside legendary R&B vocalist Patti Labelle who said that Rose has "an absolutely beautiful voice and is an amazing performer.^[6]

Jang reached number one on the domestic and international music charts with her performance of the song “Memory” from the Cats (musical) topping versions by both Celine Dion and Barbra Streisand.^[7]

Jang has broken the record for most weeks at #1 on the Korean classical chart with her rendition of "You Raise Me Up" from the "Songs of Hope" series.^[8]

In June 2010 Jang was chosen as one of Korea’s “10 Most Shining Stars” by Arirang Television Network. Arirang (TV network), a popular network in Asia, aired a documentary of her life in music that was broadcast in 170 countries around the world reaching an audience of 150 million people. Jang was also featured on the hit T.V. show Star King (Korean TV show) where she performed as a “Special Guest.”

Jang is a former spokes-model for LANCOME cosmetics and was featured in Elle, Vogue, and Marie Claire magazines.

Jang has performed the Dutch national anthem for friendly relations between South Korea and The Netherlands, as well as the World Cup primary between Uzbekistan and South Korea. In October 2008 she was a guest speaker at the World Knowledge Forum in Seoul. She has also performed at the All Star Game for the Korean Baseball Organization.

Ambassador career[link]

Jang is currently working on a project that will allow her to promote Korean culture globally. As an official Ambassador for Korean Tourism (the only female vocalist to hold this position),^[7][9] she plans to adapt traditional folk songs for English listeners.^[10] She then plans to perform traditional Korean folk songs in English at concert halls around the world. On February 24, 2010, she debuted these rearranged Korean folk songs at the Seoul Arts Center.^[11]

She has also performed during the 2010 South Africa World Cup in Johannesburg in front many of the world’s top FIFA presidents. In addition, she has performed for many FIFA events and has even been praised by FIFA chairman, Sepp Blatter and FIFA Vice President, Mong Joon Jung. During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, Jang performed in Johannesburg for six of the top twenty four representatives of FIFA in order to promote the bidding for the World Cup to take place in Korea in the year 2022 in which she performed solo alongside world-renowned soprano Sumi Jo.^[12] She has also performed at the World Cup in 2006 as well as many friendly and World Cup qualifying games.

Jang has performed for world leaders including the president of Turkmenistan and the secretary general of the United Nations, Ban Gi Moon. In addition, Jang often performs musical pieces at events for the South Korean president Lee Myung Bak.^[13]

Jang has performed with autistic children for her solo concerts and many of her solo concerts are in conjunction with South Korea's largest autistic foundation "Eden Welfare Foundation".^[14] She has performed with clarinet player Woojin Kim for 2 of her Seoul Art Center concerts.

Recent Performances[link]

She recently performed a solo concert at Sejong Center for the Performing Arts on September 28, 2010. Jang performed the national anthem on the final day of the Formula One Grand Prix of South Korea on October 24.^[15] She performed at the G20 Summit in Seoul. In October and November Jang completed a seven-city tour of South Korea.

Upon finishing a Symphony tour in South Korea this past December, Rose performed a “sold out” solo Christmas concert at Princeton University’s Richardson Auditorium which Buddy Graham called "one of the world’s acoustically “great” concert halls".^{[16] [17]}

She has also completed another 2011 Seoul Arts Center solo concert on Feb. 17 2011 entitled “Nouveaux Classics” where she debuted rearranged 1980s “New Wave” hits and original theme songs from popular films.

Jang is set to perform at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in August. Jang performed at the Asia MBA Awards Gala on September 9.

Jang performed with the Rose Pops Orchestra at Lincoln Center on November 9, 2011.^{[1][2][4][18]}

On May 5, 2012 Jang sang a duet with England's winning tenor Martin Toal for the final home game of Charleton vs. Hartlepool.

On May 15, 2012 Jang performed at a benefit at Wembley Stadium.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• http://www.edenwelfare.org

Lindsey Stirling
Background information
Birth name	Lindsey Stirling
Born	(1986-09-21) September 21, 1986 (age 25) Gilbert, Arizona, U.S.[1][2]
Occupations	Violinist, Performance artist, Composer
Instruments	Violin
Website	http://www.lindseystirlingviolin.com/

Lindsey Stirling (born on September 21, 1986)^[3] is an American violinist, musician, dancer, performance artist, and composer. In 2010 she competed on the fifth season of America's Got Talent.^[4][5][6] Stirling is noted for her versatility performing music from country to hip hop.^[7]

At the age of 23 Stirling was a quarter-finalist on the fifth season of America's Got Talent where she was known as the ‘Hip Hop Violinist’.^[8] After Stirling's performance, Sharon Osbourne said, "Wow... we love you Lindsey!” and Piers Morgan called her performance "Electrifying!".^[9]

Biography[link]

Life and career[link]

At the age of 5, after being influenced by the classic music records played by her father, Stirling requested the opportunity to learn and play the violin.

Stirling was classically trained through private lessons for 12 years. When she was 16, she joined a rock band with four friends called Stomp on Melvin. As part of her experience with Stomp on Melvin, Stirling wrote a solo violin rock song, and her performance helped her to win both the title of Arizona’s Jr. Miss in 2005 and the talent category of the National Jr. Miss Pageant. As of May 2, 2012, Stirling is 5'3" tall.^[10]

Shortly after her performance on America's Got Talent in 2010, cinematographer Devin Graham contacted her via facebook in hopes of making a YouTube video together. A few months later, Stirling replied to him and they scheduled to shoot a music video for her new song, "Spontaneous Me".^[11] It was filmed the week of May 9, 2011 while Graham was on a nearby business trip. The video gave a major boost to Stirling's popularity and she began making music videos for her YouTube channel regularly.^[12] Still close friends afterward, Graham eventually moved to Stirling's home state of Utah and they began dating a few days after her "Transcendence" music video was released.^[13] They have been together since, and frequently collaborate on eachother's YouTube videos; Graham films almost all of her videos, and Stirling often does backup camera work and assistance for his.^[14]

Discography[link]

• Lindsey Stomp (EP, 2010)
  • "Transcendence"
  • "Song of the Caged Bird"
  • "Spontaneous Me"
• "Electric Daisy Violin" (Single, 2011)
• "Shadows" (Single, 2011)
• "River Flows in You" (Single, 2011)
• "Zelda Medley" (Single, 2011)
• "On the Floor Take Three" (Single, 2011)
• "Silent Night" (Single, 2011)
• "Celtic Carol" (Single, 2011)
• "By No Means" (Eppic feat. Lindsey Stirling, 2011)
• "Lord of the Rings Medley" (Single, 2012)
• "Crystallize" (Single, 2012)
• "Skyrim" (Single with Peter Hollens, 2012)^[15]
• "We Found Love" (Single, 2012)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Lindsey Stirling Violin homepage
• Official Twitter
• Lindseystomp on YouTube
• Lindsey Stirling on Google+
• Lindsey Stirling on Facebook

This biographical article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2012)

Born in New York City, flutist Paul Taub has been a resident of Seattle and a Cornish College of the Arts faculty member since 1979. He holds a B.A. from Rutgers University and an M.F.A. from the California Institute of the Arts, and has studied with some of the world’s greatest flutists including Michel Debost, Samuel Baron, Marcel Moyse, and Robert Aitken. He is a founding member of the world famous Seattle Chamber Players.

References[link]

• http://www.cornish.edu/music/faculty/paul_taub/
• http://www.seattlechamberplayers.org/about-scp/paul-taub/